Cain works as a tiller of the ground and Abel keeps sheep (Gen 4:2b)
Cain and Abel make offerings to the LORD (Gen 4:3-7)
Cain offers fruit of the ground to the LORD (Gen 4:3)
Abel offers the firstborn of his flock and of their fat (Gen 4:4)
The LORD has regard for Abel’s offering but does not have regard for Cain’s (Gen 4:5-7)
Cain becomes very angry and his countenance falls (Gen 4:5b)
The Lord asks why Cain is angry, then reasons with and encourages Cain (Gen 4:6-7)
Cain kills Abel in the field (Gen 4:8)
The LORD speaks with Cain and curses him (Gen 4:9-15)
Cain lies to the LORD concerning Abel’s whereabouts (Gen 4:9-10)
The LORD reveals Cain’s lie and curses Cain (Gen 4:10-12)
Cain expresses his fear of being killed (Gen 4:13-14)
The LORD promises sevenfold vengeance if anyone kills Cain, and marks Cain’s forehead to prevent others from attacking him (Gen 4:15)
Cain goes away from the presence of the LORD and settles in Nod, east of Eden (Gen 4:16-17)
Seth is born to Adam and Eve because Abel was killed (Gen 4:25)
Comments about character
Righteous in the eyes of God through his faith (Heb 11:4)
First righteous person to be murdered (Matt 23:35)
The blood of Abel speaks (Heb 12:24)
Words Related Grammatically to Abel
Abel as explicit or implied subject (OT)
be, היה
Gen 4:2 – And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain a worker of the ground.
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
come, בוא
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
Abel as explicit or implied subject (NT)
to bring to, προσφέρω
Heb 11:4 – By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God commending him by accepting his gifts. And through his faith, though he died, he still speaks.
to die, ἀποθνήσκω
Heb 11:4 – By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God commending him by accepting his gifts. And through his faith, though he died, he still speaks.
to speak, λαλέω
Heb 11:4 – By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God commending him by accepting his gifts. And through his faith, though he died, he still speaks.
Abel referred to as (OT)
brother, אָח
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
Gen 4:9 – Then the LORD said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?" He said, "I do not know; am I my brother's keeper?"
Gen 4:10 – And the LORD said, "What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood is crying to me from the ground.
Gen 4:11 – And now you are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand.
pasture, רעה
Gen 4:2 – And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain a worker of the ground.
he, הוּא
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
Abel referred to as (NT)
just, δίκαιος
Mt 23:35 – so that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of innocent Abel to the blood of Zechariah the son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar.
he/she/it/self, αὐτός
Heb 11:4 – By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God commending him by accepting his gifts. And through his faith, though he died, he still speaks.
Abel as explicit or implied direct object (OT)
kill, הרג
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
Gen 4:25 – And Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son and called his name Seth, for she said, "God has appointed for me another offspring instead of Abel, for Cain killed him."
Abel as explicit or implied indirect object (OT)
to, אֶל
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
look, שׁעה
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
say, אמר
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
arise, קום
Gen 4:8 – Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.
under part, תַּחַת
Gen 4:25 – And Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son and called his name Seth, for she said, "God has appointed for me another offspring instead of Abel, for Cain killed him."
put, שׁית
Gen 4:25 – And Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son and called his name Seth, for she said, "God has appointed for me another offspring instead of Abel, for Cain killed him."
Abel as explicit or implied indirect object (NT)
from/with/beside, παρά
Heb 12:24 – and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.
… of Abel (OT)
present, מִנְחָה
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
cattle, צֹאן
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
… of Abel (NT)
blood, αἷμα
Mt 23:35 – so that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of innocent Abel to the blood of Zechariah the son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar.
Lk 11:51 – from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation.
gift, δῶρον
Heb 11:4 – By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain, through which he was commended as righteous, God commending him by accepting his gifts. And through his faith, though he died, he still speaks.
Abel and … (OT)
present, מִנְחָה
Gen 4:4 – and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering,
Abel is … (OT)
pasture, רעה
Gen 4:2 – And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain a worker of the ground.
where, אֵי
Gen 4:9 – Then the LORD said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?" He said, "I do not know; am I my brother's keeper?"
